During a competitive game, the brain might not be able to correct a faulty knee or ankle position in the milliseconds it takes to tear an ACL.
in sports such as soccer that require high-speed running and cutting back and forth — noncontact injuries to the ACL still occur, even in fit and strong athletes.Physical factors, such as how far the knee bends and collapses inward during landing and cutting activities and hip and leg strength, are controlled and influenced by a complex interaction of the brain and peripheral nerves.
“When you go to move, you have this running internal model of your body’s state and the environment,” says Dustin Grooms, a neuroscientist, athletic trainerAfter initial planning and decision-making, the motor cortex sends the impulse down to the muscles to execute the movement, Grooms says.
But if a glitch occurs in integrating what you see and proprioception , look out. And if the prediction error is large, the cerebellum — the part of the brain that controls movement — cannot correct fast enough.In this case, Grooms says, the areas of the brain that are normally used to help with spatial processing, navigation and multisensory integration are being redirected to control just one body part, the leg for instance.
“When you start putting athletes under dual-task scenarios or in unanticipated conditions, you start to see some of these risky mechanics become more pronounced,” says Jason Avedesian, a biomechanics expert and director of sports science for Olympic sports at Clemson University. “The question becomes, “Are the [athletes] allocating enough attention to what’s relevant versus what’s not?”
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