Experiments have yielded a fascinating new type of matter, neither granular nor crystalline, that responds to some stresses as a fluid would and to others like a solid. The new material, known as PAM (for polycatenated architected materials) could have uses in areas ranging from helmets and other protective gear to biomedical devices and robotics.
Experiments have yielded a fascinating new type of matter, neither granular nor crystalline, that responds to some stresses as a fluid would and to others like a solid. The new material, known as PAM could have uses in areas ranging from helmets and other protective gear to biomedical devices and robotics.
Wenjie Zhou, postdoctoral scholar research associate in mechanical and civil engineering, has been working on these types of materials for two years in Daraio's lab."I was a chemist, and I wanted to make these structures at a molecular scale, but that proved too challenging. In order to get answers to the questions I had about how these structures behave, I decided to join Chiara's group and study PAMs at a larger scale.
In some scenarios, these PAMs behaved like liquids."Imagine applying a shear stress to water," Zhou says."There would be zero resistance. Because PAMs have all these coordinated degrees of freedom, with the rings and cages they are composed of sliding against one another as the links of a chain would, many have very little shear resistance." But when these structures are compressed, they may become fully rigid, behaving like solids.
"Architected materials have been a significant subfield in material science and engineering for the past 20 to 30 years," Daraio says."But as hybrids between granular materials and elastic deformable materials, PAMs are exciting and new. We have theories to describe granular matter and theories to describe elastic deformable matter, but nothing that captures these in-between materials.
Co-author Liuchi Li , now assistant professor of civil and environmental engineering at Princeton University, is enthusiastic about the future of PAMs:"We can envision incorporating advanced artificial intelligence techniques to accelerate the exploration of this vast design space. We are only scratching the surface of what is possible."under the title"3D polycatenated architected materials." Co-authors include Zhou, Daraio, Sujeeka Nadarajah, Hujie Yan , Aashutosh K.
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