Researchers at Michigan State University have used a quantum simulator to observe a 1D phase change in a string of atoms, a phenomenon predicted by theory but never before experimentally achieved. The team built a 1D ytterbium magnet atom by atom within the simulator, revealing that it became unmagnetized when warmed, thanks to quantum effects. This breakthrough highlights the potential of quantum simulators to study exotic states of matter that are difficult or impossible to create in nature.
After decades of looking, researchers have seen a string of atoms go through a 1D phase change so elusive that it could only happen inside a quantum simulator. “One motivation is really trying to understand fundamental physics.
We’re trying to understand just the basic states that matter can be in,” saysinto a line, forming a nearly one-dimensional chain. This device can be used for quantum computing, but in this case, the researchers used the chain as a simulator instead. Within it, they built a 1D ytterbium magnet one atom at a time. Previous calculations predicted this type of magnet would become unmagnetised when warmed, thanks to quantum effects. But no past experiment had achieved this One reason for the difficulty is that systems like quantum computers and simulators typically only work well when they are very cold. Warming them to make the phase transition occur can thus cause malfunctions, says Schuckert.To avoid this, he and his colleagues tuned the initial quantum state of the atoms so that, as time went on, the 1D magnet’s collective state changed as if its temperature had been increased. This revealed the never-before-seen phase transition.at Michigan State University. The researchers were only able to engineer it because they could make each ion interact with others that were far from it, even though they weren’t touching. This pushed the whole line into an unusual collective behaviour.Because their simulator makes such exotic states of matter possible, it could be used to study theoretical systems that may be very rare – or even not exist – in nature, says Maghrebi.. But to do so, these devices must be able to reach higher temperatures than they can today. They can currently model extremely cold temperatures only, but he says higher-temperature simulations may be possible within five years. And even more existing and theoretical systems could be studied if the simulators can be made larger, for example by arranging the ions into
QUANTUM SIMULATION PHASE TRANSITIONS ATOMIC MAGNETS QUANTUM COMPUTING MICROSCOPY
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