Quantum computer barely edged out supercomputer, showing utility of noisy quantum computers. Researchers from IBM Quantum and collaborating institutions have demonstrated that a 127-qubit quantum computer can outperform classical supercomputers in specific calculations. The study revealed a novel
An interior view of the cryostat that cools the IBM Eagle, a utility-scale quantum processor containing 127 qubits. Utility scale is a point at which quantum computers could serve as a scientific tool to explore a new scale of problems that classical methods may not be able to solve. Credit: IBM ResearchResearchers from IBM Quantum and collaborating institutions have demonstrated that a 127-qubit quantum computer can outperform classical supercomputers in specific calculations.
“We’re entering the regime where the quantum computer might be able to do things that current algorithms on classical computers cannot do,” said UC Berkeley graduate student and study co-author Sajant Anand. The problem of noise comes about because IBM’s qubits are sensitive superconducting circuits that represent the zeros and ones of a binary computation. When the qubits are entangled for a calculation, unavoidable annoyances, such as heat and vibration, can alter the entanglement, introducing errors. The greater the entanglement, the worse the effects of noise.
Launched in 2017, Cori, a model from the Cray XC40 line, boasted an impressive peak performance of roughly 30 petaflops, securing its position as the fifth most dominant supercomputer globally at the time. Equipped with 2,388 Intel Xeon “Haswell” processor nodes, 9,688 Intel Xeon Phi “Knight’s Landing” nodes, and a substantial 1.8 PB Cray Data Warp Burst Buffer solid-state device, its name pays tribute to the renowned biochemist Gerty Cori.
Anand confirmed the accuracy of the quantum computer’s results for the less complex calculations, but as the depth of the calculations grew, the results of the quantum computer diverged from those of the classical computer. For certain specific parameters, Anand was able to simplify the problem and calculate exact solutions that verified the quantum calculations over the classical computer calculations.
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