A tiny quantum “refrigerator” can ensure that a quantum computer’s calculations start off error-free – without requiring oversight or even new hardware
A tiny cooling device can automatically reset malfunctioning components of a quantum computer. Its performance suggests that manipulating heat could also enable other autonomous quantum devices. In fact, if qubits – key components of this type of computer – accidentally heat up and become too energetic, they can end up in an erroneous state before the calculation even begins.
A tiny cooling device can automatically reset malfunctioning components of a quantum computer. Its performance suggests that manipulating heat could also enable other autonomous quantum devices.. In fact, if qubits – key components of this type of computer – accidentally heat up and become too energetic, they can end up in an erroneous state before the calculation even begins. One way to “reset” the qubits to their correct states is toat Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden and his colleagues have delegated this task to an autonomous quantum “refrigerator” for the first time. The researchers built two qubits and one “qutrit”, which can store more complex information than a qubit, from tiny superconducting circuits. The qutrit and one of the qubits formed a fridge for the second target qubit, which could eventually be used for computation. The researchers carefully engineered the interactions between the three components to ensure that when the target qubit had too much energy, which caused errors, heat automatically flowed out of it and into the two other elements. This lowered the target qubit’s temperature and reset it. Because this process was autonomous, the qubit-and-qutrit fridge could correct errors without any outside control., also at Chalmers University of Technology, says this approach to resetting the qubit required less new hardware than more conventional methods – and yielded better results. Without any significant quantum computer redesign or introduction of new wires, the qubit’s starting state was correct 99.97 per cent of the time. In contrast, other reset methods typically only manage 99.8 per cent, he says.Conventional thermodynamic machines like the heat engine sparked a whole industrial revolution, but so far quantum thermodynamics hasn’t been very practical. “I’m interested in making quantum thermodynamics useful. This arguably useful autonomous quantum refrigerator is our first example,” says Yunger Halpern.“It’s nice to see this machine implemented and useful. The fact that it is autonomous, so it does not require any external control, should make it efficient and versatile,” saysat the University of Gdańsk in Poland says that one of the most urgent problems for quantum computers built with superconducting circuits is making sure the machines don’tand subsequently make errors. The new experiment opens a path for many similar projects that have been proposed but never tested, such as using qubits to build autonomous quantum engines, he says. The researchers are already looking into whether they could build on their experiment. For example, they might create an autonomous
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