Researchers at Chalmers University unveil a groundbreaking amplifier that significantly reduces power consumption.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have developed a new type of amplifier that reduces power consumption by 90% compared to current models, a step that could help develop larger and more stable quantum computers.
The amplifier, which activates only when needed, lessens a known source of error in quantum systems, potentially enabling designs with more quantum bits, or qubits, and improved performance.The new device addresses the problem of decoherence. The state of its qubits must be measured to extract information from a quantum computer. This process requires sensitive microwave amplifiers to read the weak signals. However, these amplifiers also generate heat, a form of electromagnetic interference that can cause qubits to lose their specific quantum state and corrupt the calculation.More sensitive and efficient amplifierResearchers have been working to develop more efficient amplifiers to mitigate this issue. The Chalmers team has now presented a new approach.“This is the most sensitive amplifier that can be built today using transistors,” said Yin Zeng, a doctoral student at Chalmers and the first author of the study published in the IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. “We’ve now managed to reduce its power consumption to just one-tenth of that required by today’s best amplifiers – without compromising performance. We hope and believe this breakthrough will enable more accurate readout of qubits in the future.”This development is important for scaling up quantum computers. Unlike a conventional computer bit, either a one or a 0, a qubit can exist in a “superposition,” representing both values simultaneously. This property allows quantum computers to process complex problems that are beyond the capacity of most conventional supercomputers. As the number of qubits in a system increases, so does its computational power, but this also requires more amplifiers, leading to more heat and a greater potential for decoherence.“This study offers a solution in future upscaling of quantum computers where the heat generated by these qubit amplifiers poses a major limiting factor,” explained Jan Grahn, professor of microwave electronics at Chalmers and Yin Zeng’s principal supervisor.Pulse-operated functionalityThe core of the team’s design is its “pulse-operated” function. Rather than being constantly amplified, it is activated only for the brief moment needed to read a qubit.“This is the first demonstration of low-noise semiconductor amplifiers for quantum readout in pulsed operation that does not affect performance and with drastically reduced power consumption compared to the current state of the art,” noted Professor Grahn.A primary technical challenge was ensuring the amplifier could switch on quickly enough to capture the quantum information pulse. The team addressed this by creating a smart control system.“We used genetic programming to enable smart amplifier control,” concluded Zeng. “As a result, it responded much faster to the incoming qubit pulse, in just 35 nanoseconds.”This improvement in efficiency could help remove a technical bottleneck, assisting efforts to build quantum computers with applications in medicine, materials science, artificial intelligence, and cryptography.
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