An international research team used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to observe the triple protostar system IRAS 04239+2436, to investigate the detailed structure of the gas around the protostars. As a result, the scientists, led by Jeong-Eun Lee, a professor at Seoul Natio
Artist’s impression of the triple protostars, IRAS 04239+2436. Credit: ALMA
To understand the process of multiple star formation, it is necessary to directly observe the moment when multiple protostars are born, with the high resolution and sensitivity of a facility like ALMA. Moreover, recent observations of protostars often reported gas structures called “streamers,” gas flows toward the protostars.
According to the analysis of the gas motion, it was found that the spiral arms traced by SO molecules are indeed streamers flowing towards the triple protostars. “The most profound feature of our ALMA images is the well-delineated large multiple-arm structures detected in the SO emissions,” says Lee, explaining the significance of this discovery.
The triple protostar observed here can be explained by a hybrid scenario in which the star formation process starts as a turbulent natal gas cloud, similar to the turbulent fragmentation scenario, and then, the seeds of new protostars are produced in the disk, like in the disk fragmentation scenario, and the surrounding gas turbulence causes the spiral arms to extend widely.
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