New research looked at how cancers arise in children who are predisposed to developing the childhood kidney cancer, Wilms tumor, which could help anticipate the development of tumors before they fully form.
Genetically tailored treatment plans for children with a type of kidney cancer could help provide the most effective care while minimising side effects as much as possible.
The team indicates that different genetic predispositions give rise to different tumour development pathways and kidney structures, and have identified those that restrict the growth of tumours. They also found that Wilms tumours develop differently in those without genetic predispositions. The clinical management of children with a known predisposition differs from that of children with a spontaneous genetic change, due to the increased risk. By understanding more about how genetics influences the development of Wilms tumour, researchers could identify those with a lower risk of secondary tumours and use this to inform surgical approaches and screening programmes, as well as lead to the development of new therapies.
Different genetic predispositions to Wilms tumour were found to lead to specific DNA changes in childhood that caused tumour formation. These DNA changes are known as driver mutations, some of which increased the children's risk of secondary cancers as well as Wilms tumour. In particular, genetic changes in genes --
Overall, their findings indicate that predisposition may dictate how Wilms tumour develops, with specific patterns depending on the genetic change. Researchers suggest that in the future, it could be possible to tailor treatment and screening programmes to the type of genetic predisposition a child has, to ensure they are receiving the most effective care.
Professor Sam Behjati, co-senior author at the Wellcome Sanger Institute and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, said:"Our research illustrates the power of collaborative genomic research to answer important clinical questions. At the moment, we treat all children with a predisposition the same, meaning that some children get too much and others too little treatment. Our findings indicate that we may be able to personalise treatment on the basis of genetic information.
Personalized Medicine Cancer Lung Cancer Children's Health Kidney Disease Colon Cancer Genes
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