An invisible force has long eluded detection within the halls of the world’s most famous particle accelerator—until now.
CERN’s Super Proton Synchrotron will turn 50 in 2026—and it has a resonant “ghost.”Using mathematics, physicists measured and modeled how these resonant lines intersect.Modeling a 3D shape over time requires a 4D system of equations.In new research published in the journal Nature Physics, scientists at CERN in Switzerland and Goethe University Frankfurt in Germany announced that they had isolated a resonant “ghost” that affects how particles behave inside the Super Proton Synchotron .
And harmonics in complex systems affect any experiment where particles interact inside a vessel—like nuclear fusion research in tokamaks. Harmonic interference, therefore, is also a huge problem in trying to reach productive nuclear fusion, creating dead spots where the stream of energy can lose vital heat energy.Inside the SPS, particles only have two degrees of freedom, which doesn't sound so complex.
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