A phase 1 clinical trial has shown encouraging results for a personalized cancer vaccine targeting neoantigens in high-risk renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. The vaccine demonstrated no disease recurrence in any of the nine participants after a median follow-up of 40.2 months and induced T-cell immune responses against cancer driver mutations in all patients.
A personalized cancer vaccine targeting neoantigens in high-risk renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has demonstrated promising results. In a phase 1 trial conducted at Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, researchers observed no disease recurrence in any of the nine participants over a median follow-up period of 40.2 months.
The vaccine successfully generated immune responses against cancer driver mutations in all patients, with seven out of nine showing T-cell reactivity against autologous tumors. This study offers hope for a new treatment approach for RCC, a type of kidney cancer often characterized by a low mutation burden, posing challenges for traditional immunotherapy.Previous research on personalized cancer vaccines in melanoma showed promising results, but applying this approach to low mutation burden tumors like RCC has been met with hurdles in manufacturing and generating robust immune responses. This trial aimed to overcome these challenges by focusing on neoantigens, unique mutations specific to each patient's tumor. The research team used a personalized vaccine targeting these neoantigens in combination with ipilimumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, in a group of nine patients with stage III/IV clear cell RCC who had undergone curative intent surgery. Four patients received the vaccine alone, while five received the vaccine plus ipilimumab. Each participant received four pools of synthetic long peptides targeting neoantigens, administered both subcutaneously and intradermally at designated intervals.The study's encouraging results demonstrate the potential of neoantigen-targeting personalized cancer vaccines for treating RCC. The vaccine's favorable toxicity profile and ability to induce durable antitumor immunity suggest its possible use as both a standalone therapy and in combination with other treatments like ipilimumab. While this study represents a significant step forward, larger-scale randomized trials are necessary to confirm these findings and fully evaluate the vaccine's long-term efficacy and safety in a broader patient population
CANCER VACCINE RENAL CELL CARCINOMA NEOANTIGENS IMMUNOTHERAPY CLINICAL TRIAL
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