Berkeley Lab runs a massive GPU simulation on Perlmutter to model a quantum chip with unprecedented physical detail.
More than 7,000 NVIDIA GPUs have just simulated a quantum microchip, and in doing so, pushed the limits of one of the world’s most powerful supercomputers.A broad association of researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of California, Berkeley has achieved an unprecedented full-scale physical simulation of a next-generation quantum chip.
The effort marks a major step toward refining the hardware needed for future quantum computers.The massive simulation ran on the Perlmutter supercomputer at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center , a U.S. Department of Energy user facility. Perlmutter’s 7,168 NVIDIA GPUs were used nearly in full capacity over 24 hours.Modeling quantum chips before fabrication helps scientists predict how they will function, identify performance issues, and eliminate errors that could undermine qubit behavior.The models were developed by Quantum Systems Accelerator researchers Zhi Jackie Yao and Andy Nonaka of Berkeley Lab’s Applied Mathematics and Computational Research Division.“The computational model predicts how design decisions affect electromagnetic wave propagation in the chip,” said Nonaka, “to make sure proper signal coupling occurs and avoid unwanted crosstalk.”The chip measures 10 millimeters square and 0.3 millimeters thick, with etchings just one micron wide. Credit: Zhi Jackie Yao/Berkeley LabThey used their exascale modeling tool, ARTEMIS, to simulate and optimize a quantum chip designed by Irfan Siddiqi’s Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory at UC Berkeley, working closely with Berkeley Lab’s Advanced Quantum Testbed . The work will be showcased at the SC25 supercomputing conference.Scaling tiny physics“This unprecedented simulation, made possible by a broad partnership among scientists and engineers, is a critical step forward to accelerate the design and development of quantum hardware…” said Bert de Jong, QSA director.Designing quantum chips involves microwave engineering, low-temperature physics, and precise electromagnetic modeling.ARTEMIS, originally developed for the DOE’s Exascale Computing Project, is uniquely suited for this multiscale challenge.Simulating this particular chip required a massive amount of compute power because of its extreme complexity. The chip is only 10 millimeters square and 0.3 millimeters thick, with etchings just one micron wide. Yet capturing its full physical structure demanded nearly Perlmutter’s entire GPU fleet.Nonaka explained the scale: “I’m not aware of anybody who’s ever done physical modeling of microelectronic circuits at full Perlmutter system scale. We were using nearly 7,000 GPUs.”He added that the team discretized the chip into 11 billion grid cells and ran more than a million time steps in seven hours — fast enough to test three circuit configurations in a single day.Unlike typical “black box” simulations, this one modeled the chip’s material composition, wiring layout, resonator geometry, and electromagnetic interactions.“We do full-wave physical-level simulation… We care about those physical details, and we include them in our model,” said Yao.Next-level quantum designThe simulation also mirrored real-time lab behavior, including how qubits interact with each other and with the wider circuit.Yao noted that solving Maxwell’s equations in the time domain helps incorporate nonlinear behavior, giving the model its one-of-a-kind predictive capability.NERSC engineers described the project as one of the most ambitious quantum simulations ever run on Perlmutter.Next, the team plans more quantitative simulations, benchmarking frequency-domain behavior, and ultimately comparing results against a fabricated physical chip.The results demonstrate how collaboration across AMCR, QSA, AQT, and NERSC is accelerating quantum hardware development and opening new scientific possibilities.
Berkeley Lab GPU Computing Hardware Design NERSC Perlmutter Quantum Chips Simulation
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