Massive study finds long-term risks for those who experience preeclampsia, preterm delivery, and other complications
Preterm births are a well-known hazard for babies—who can require months and sometimes years of extra care—but far less attention is paid to the people who deliver them. Now, a new analysis of more than 2 million pregnancies over 4 decades finds those parents need consideration, too: Even years later, people who experienced some common pregnancy complications had a higher risk of death.
This new study aimed to go broader. Researchers led by Casey Crump, a family medicine doctor and epidemiologist at the University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, examined five of the most common complications in pregnancy. Those included preterm birth , preeclampsia, and a baby born with low birth weight for its gestational age—across millions of pregnancies.
Those numbers came after the research team stripped away other risk factors, such as genetics and environment. To do this, they compared mortality risks in those with pregnancy complications with their siblings who didn’t have them, Crump says. That’s “one of the strongest ways to deal with shared genetic risk factors,” says McGill University epidemiologist Robert Platt, who was not involved with the work.
A crucial question now is whether these complications themselves are causing health problems later on, Gyamfi-Bannerman says, or whether they’re simply pointing to a risk that someone already had. For example, some doctors believe gestational diabetes occurs because pregnancy can make it tough for the body to efficiently use insulin. So people already at heightened risk of insulin resistance, and later type 2 diabetes, may be more likely to develop it.
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