The state, known as the Machida-Shibata state, involves the pairing of electrons in an artificial atom on the surface of a superconductor.
When this happens, the material can exhibit superconductivity, which means that it can conduct electricity without any resistance. Superconductivity has many important applications in technology, such as magnetic resonance imaging or highly sensitive detectors for magnetic fields.The researchers from Hamburg University managed to induce superconductivity in the smallest possible unit: a quantum dot, which is anthat can trap electrons in a tiny space.
The experimental results matched the theoretical predictions made by Kazushige Machida and Fumiaki Shibata in the early 1970s. They proposed that electron pairs in quantum dots coupled to superconductors would have a special state with a very low energy peak. This state had never been directly detected before, despite its relevance for understanding quantum phenomena at the nanoscale.
The researchers also found out that the Machida-Shibata state could be useful for reducing noise in transmon qubits, which are essential components of modern quantum computers. This was confirmed by recent work from researchers from the Netherlands and Denmark. In an email to the first author of the paper, Dr. Lucas Schneider, Kazushige Machida expressed his gratitude for “discovering” his old paper and verifying it experimentally after 50 years. He wrote: “I thought for a long time that transition metal non-magnetic impurities produce the in-gap state, but the location of it is so near the superconducting gap edge, thus it is impossible to prove its existence. But by your ingenious method, you have finally checked it to be true experimentally”.
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