Oskar Barnack: The Father of 35mm Photography

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Oskar Barnack: The Father of 35mm Photography
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How Leica engineer Oskar Barnack helped bring about modern photography.

Few technological achievements have changed not only their field but also the way our world works. The Gutenberg printing press, for example, revolutionized how we communicate, and in doing so changed the course of history. The advent of the 35mm film camera had a similar effect. Imagine a world without today’s cameras and the last century of photography. Impossible, thanks to Oskar Barnack.

Barnack’s prototype 35mm film camera became the first Leica camera, which quickly inspired an industry. Other 35mm cameras appeared. A new, innovative generation of photographers emerged. The world as we know it was unveiled.When Barnack was born in Germany in 1879, quality cameras resembled boxes the size of a milk crate. Lenses extended on a bellows, like an accordion, and the photographer often hid under a cloth to make an exposure.

While these cameras brought the joy of photography to ordinary consumers through mass-market cameras, they left something to be desired in the area of quality, both of the camera build and of the resulting photos. Unlike still photography cameras of the day, cinema cameras used film instead of glass. Thanks to this, Barnack’s cinema camera was smaller and lighter than a glass plate behemoth. While at Leitz, his mind kept working on side projects, which Ernst Leitz II noticed and encouraged. By 1913, Barnack had news to record in his workshop journal: “Lilliput camera for cine film completed.

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