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A long-term randomized controlled trial in the United States has now produced some of the strongest evidence to date that nutritional supplements may slow aging. "A lot of people take a multivitamin without necessarily knowing any benefits from taking it, so the more we can learn about its potential health benefits, the better," says senior author and epidemiologist Howard Sesso at Mass General Brigham.
This new study, led by researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, has now rigorously analyzed two supplements to determine if they could directly slow the biological aging process.". But they admit that larger sample sizes and longer trials are needed to determine whether these supplements ultimately translate into meaningful clinical benefits. It's worth noting, however, that participants who took the multivitamins also showed benefits in inflammation and cognitive function. "Within COSMOS, we are fortunate and excited to build upon a rich resource of biomarker data to test how two interventions may improve biological aging and reduce age-related clinical outcomes," says Sesso. To date, only a few small-scale randomized controlled trials have investigated the effects of vitamins on epigenetic aging, and many have focused on a single Epigenetic aging clocks are inherently imperfect because they rely on associations and predictions, but they have recently emerged as powerful ways to estimate how fast or slow a person is aging biologically The clocks work by analyzing DNA patterns in the blood to predict how the aging process will unfold. Interfering with some of these biomarkers has the potential to slow down the aging process, and multivitamins may be a way to do just that. "There is a lot of interest today in identifying ways to not just live longer, but to live better," says Sesso. "It was exciting to see the benefits of a multivitamin linked with markers of biological aging. This study opens the door to learning more about accessible, safe interventions that contribute to healthier, higher-quality aging." In the current trial, the two epigenetic clocks that were linked to multivitamin use were PCPhenoAge and PCGrimAge. These second-generation models have stood out in prior research and are associated with a range of healthy longevity metrics. Ultimately, a daily multivitamin for two years was linked to a yearly decrease of 0.113 years on the PCGrimAge clock and 0.214 years on the PCPhenoAge clock. Based on associations shown in previous research, the observed clock changes could correspond to a lowerthe trial were particularly affected by the multivitamins. On the PCGrimAge clock, participants' rates of aging slowed nearly twice as much as those who showed normal aging at baseline. This suggests that multivitamins may be improving health outcomes by filling a nutritional deficit."Considering that extending healthy lifespan by one year may save $38 trillion in the US population, our findings suggest that a daily MVM may represent a highly cost-efficient, accessible intervention to improve public health," the research team Some of the study authors received grants from private companies with financial interests in nutritional supplements, but their research was conducted independently, peer-reviewed, and relied on a trial that was primarily funded by the US National Institutes of Health., two epigenetic researchers, Calen Ryan and Daniel Belsky, who were not involved in the current study, called the findings"a major advance for the supplement field."
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