Oil and gas drillers are releasing more climate-warming methane than the government estimates, a new study shows.
Flares burn off methane and other hydrocarbons at an oil and gas facility in Lenorah, Texas in 2021. New research shows drillers emit about three times as much climate-warming methane as official estimates.
The oil and gas industry may be emitting about three-times the amount of climate-warming methane than government estimates show, according to a Methane is the main component of natural gas, and it is also produced when extracting crude oil. Methane is among the greenhouse gasses heating the planet,The study's researchers used airplanes to gather 986,238 measurements of methane emissions from six domestic oil and gas production areas. The data include about half the country's onshore oil production and 29% of natural gas production. Then researchers combined that aerial data with information from sites on the ground, including wells, compressor stations, gas processing plants and pipelines.The researchers, from Stanford University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and other organizations, estimate an average of 2.95% of gas the industry produces leaks into the air as methane. The authors say that's nearly three times EPA estimates of 1.01%. Specific measurements varied from a low of less than 1%, or about what the Environmental Protection Agency estimates, at a site in Pennsylvania to a high of nearly 10% in New Mexico. Researchers found the higher percentages of methane released generally had something in common. "These are places where production is mostly focusing on oil," says Evan Sherwin, a research scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory who conducted the research as a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University. But oil and gas often come out of the ground together, and if there wasn't a way to transport the less-valuable gas to where it could be sold, leaks were higher. In Pennsylvania, by contrast, drillers are focused on producing natural gas, and there, very little of the methane was wasted.so they can sell the fossil fuel. But that's not always possible, if industry hasn't built the pipelines and other infrastructure to get the gas to consumers. In this study, researchers estimate the industry releases about 6.2 million tons of methane a year, valued at $1.08 billion.that also conclude the EPA's estimates are too low. Getting accurate measurements is important because the U.S. is among countries pledging to cut methane pollution as one of its key climate goals. To achieve that, theU.S. methane emissions have generally declined in recent decadesWhile governments and the industry have routinely undercounted methane emissions, that may be changing.to cut emissions at least 30% from 2020 levels by 2030. More than 155 countries have signed the pledge, representing nearly half the world's human-caused methane emissions."It's night and day even compared to five or six years ago," Sherwin says. In the past, collecting data was done mostly on the ground and was labor intensive. But now he says airplanes and satellites are able to gather much more information in a shorter amount of time., which will circle the Earth 15 times a day looking for methane from the oil and gas industry. It joins other projects, including"Emissions of methane from fossil fuel operations remain unacceptably high," said Tim Gould, chief economist at the International Energy Agency, during a Tuesday call with reporters. The organization'sDespite that, the IEA concludes that if countries fully implement existing pledges on methane reductions, that would make significant progress toward achieving global climate goals. "2024 could mark a turning point and policies are starting to be put into place. Greater transparency is coming. Awareness is spreading and we have enhanced ability to track large leaks and act quickly to shut them down," Gould said.
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