Novel technology enhances potency and breadth of vaccine-induced responses through antigen presentation CellCellPress UCBerkeley potency vaccine antigen novel technology covid COVID19 SARCoV2
By Neha MathurMay 30 2023Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLM In a recent article published in the Cell Journal, researchers demonstrated that enveloped virus-like particles self-assembling into an endosomal sorting complex required for transport - and ALG-2-interacting protein X -binding region of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike cytoplasmic tail elicited more potent antibody responses than conventional SARS-CoV-2 S-based messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines in mice.
Unlike protein nanoparticle-based vaccines, e.g., NVX-CoV2373, that mimic viruses by presenting S protein arrays, mRNA vaccines display viral peptides on major histocompatibility complex class I molecules to activate T cells. Thus, the research for an optimal vaccine continues that combine attributes of S-encoding mRNA-lipid nanoparticle and protein nanoparticle-based vaccines, delivers a genetically encoded SARS-CoV-2 S protein that triggers self-assembly and subsequent release of S-presenting eVLPs for the activation of T cells.
In addition, they added an endocytosis prevention motif to extend the duration of interaction between EABR-fusion proteins and ESCRT proteins at the cell surface and, as expected, enhanced eVLP production. Furthermore, the researchers evaluated the potential of purified S-EABR eVLPs as a vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 in C57BL/6 mice. To this end, first, they administered 0.1 μg doses of S-EABR eVLPs subcutaneously on days 0 and 28 in mice.
S-EABR eVLPs elicited robust antibody binding and neutralization responses in mice against the authentic SARS-CoV-2 variant, WA1. However, neutralization titers dropped four- and two-fold against the SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Delta VOCs.
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