Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger share the 2022 Nobel prize in physics for their work pioneering the field of quantum information
for experiments with entangled photons and their work in pioneering quantum information science.
All three winners were awarded for their fundamental contributions to work on quantum mechanics, which involved experiments using entangled, or connected, particles of light called photons. These showed that information could be instantly transmitted over infinite distances, known as quantum teleportation.Each of the winners’ experiments carried out a real-life test of a mathematical theorem first proposed by physicistin 1964, called Bell’s theorem.
In 1972, John F. Clauser and his colleague Stuart J. Freedman were the first to test Bell’s inequality, by measuring the entangled photons that came from collisions of calcium atoms.Clauser and Freedman’s data appeared to violate Bell’s inequality, the first real-world example to do so, at a high level of statistical accuracy, implying that quantum mechanics really could have non-local effects.
The team used a random switching device to decide which photon to measure before they had reached the detectors. This ruled out the chance of an observer having an effect, as some critics had thought might occur in Clauser’s experiment, and many physicists felt that Aspect’s measurements laid to rest the idea that quantum mechanics acted locally.colleagues expanded Bell’s inequality beyond
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