Adults who spend just 9 additional minutes a day participating in moderate to vigorous physical activity experience improved cognition. The finding confirms the role brisk exercise plays in brain health.
Previous research has linked physical activity with increased cognitive reserve, which delays the onset of cognitive decline in later life. But disentangling the most important components of PA for cognition ― such as intensity and volume ― has not been well researched.
The new study included 4481 participants in the British Cohort Study who were born in 1970 across England, Scotland, and Wales. The participants were followed throughout childhood and adulthood. The device used in the study could detect subtle movements as well as speed of accelerations, said Mitchell."From this, we can distinguish MVPA from slow walking, standing, and sitting. It's the current best practice for detecting the more subtle movements we make, such as brisk walking and stair climbing, beyond just 'exercise,'"he added.
The analysis revealed a positive association between MVPA and cognition relative to all other behaviors, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors that included sex, age, education, and marital status. But the relationship lessened after further adjustment for health status ― for example, cardiovascular disease or disability ― and lifestyle factors, such as alcohol consumption and smoking status.
"We held two of the components static but moved time between the other two and monitored the theoretical ramifications of that change for cognition," said Mitchell.There was a 1.31% improvement in cognition ranking compared to the sample average after replacing 9 minutes of sedentary activity with MVPA . There was a 1.27% improvement after replacing 7 minutes of LIPA with MVPA, and a 1.2% improvement after replacing 7 minutes of sleep with MVPA.
On the other hand, cognition declined by 1% to 2% after replacing MVPA with 8 minutes of SB, 6 minutes of LIPA, or 7 minutes of sleep.
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