Researchers have discovered the protein structure of TAS2R14, a bitter taste receptor, and how bitter-tasting substances activate it. This breakthrough could pave the way for the development of drugs targeting taste receptors.
A new study reveals the detailed protein structure of the TAS2R14 , a bitter taste receptor that allows us to perceive bitter taste. In addition to solving the structure of this taste receptor, the researchers were also able to determine where bitter-tasting substances bind to TAS2R14 and how they activate them. The findings may lead to the development of drugs that targeting taste receptors .
"Scientists know very little about the structural make up of sweet, bitter, and umami taste receptors," said Kim."Using a combination of biochemical and computational methods, we now know the structure of the bitter taste receptor TAS2R14 and the mechanisms that initializes the sensation of bitter taste in our tongues."
This triggers a series of biochemical reactions within the taste receptor cell, leading to activation of the receptor, which can then send signals to tiny nerve fibers -- through the cranial nerves in the face -- to an area of the brain called the gustatory cortex. It is here where the brain processes and perceives the signals as bitterness. And of course, this complex signaling system occurs almost instantaneously.
Using their newfound structure, researchers found that bile acids might be binding to the same orthosteric pocket as cholesterol. While the exact role of bile acid or cholesterol in TAS2R14 remains unknown, it may play a role in the metabolism of these substances or in relation to metabolic disorders such as obesity or diabetes.The discovery of this novel allosteric binding site for bitter tasting substances is unique.
Roth and Kim have made a number of new discoveries, but some leave more questions than answers. While running a genomics study, they found that the TAS2R14 protein in complex with the GI is expressed outside the tongue, especially in the cerebellum in the brain, the thyroid, and the pancreas. Researchers are planning future studies to elucidate the function these proteins may have outside of the mouth.Yoojoong Kim, Ryan H. Gumpper, Yongfeng Liu, D.
Study Protein Structure TAS2R14 Bitter Taste Receptor Taste Perception Drugs Taste Receptors
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