An outstanding new electrolyte gives Li-ion and lithium-sulphur batteries the ability to perform well at freezing cold and scorching hot temperatures while still packing a lot of energy.
, the researchers explain that dibutyl ether improves battery performance at sub-zero temperatures because its molecules bind weakly to lithium ions. In other words, the electrolyte molecules can easily let go of lithium ions as the battery runs. In addition, dibutyl ether can easily take the heat because it stays liquid at high temperatures as has a boiling point of 141 degrees Celsius.
In tests, the proof-of-concept batteries retained 87.5% and 115.9% of their energy capacity at -40 and 50 degrees Celsius, respectively. They also had high Coulombic efficiencies of 98.2% and 98.7% at these temperatures, respectively, which means the batteries can undergo more charge and discharge cycles before they stop working.
Chen explained that lithium-sulphur batteries are an essential part of next-generation battery technologies because they promise higher energy densities and lower costs. They can store up to two times more energy per kilogram than today’s lithium-ion batteries—this could double the range of electric vehicles without any increase in the weight of the battery pack. Also, sulphur is more abundant and less problematic to source than the cobalt used in traditional lithium-ion battery cathodes.
However, there are problems with lithium-sulphur batteries. Both the cathode and anode are super reactive. Sulphur cathodes are so reactive that they dissolve during battery operation. This issue gets worse at high temperatures. And lithium metal anodes are prone to
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