Researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) have developed a novel surface coating that allows lithium-ion batteries to operate at higher voltages, potentially increasing energy density and performance for electric vehicles.
Lithium-ion batteries are crucial for reducing carbon emissions. Researchers are constantly working to improve their performance for decarbonization. A team at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) has developed a new method to enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles . The researchers created a novel surface coating for high-voltage cathodes, enabling operation up to 4.8 volts.
Lithium-ion batteries function by moving lithium ions between the cathode and anode. To increase energy density, higher operating voltages are needed. However, operating lithium-ion batteries above 4.3 volts often leads to significant degradation at the cathode-electrolyte interface, resulting in increased resistance and reduced capacity. This limitation restricts commercial batteries to a maximum operating voltage of 4.3 volts. The protective coating developed by the researchers utilizes trifluoromethane (CHF3), a byproduct of plastic manufacturing. At 572 degrees Fahrenheit (300°C), CHF3 reacts with the lithium carbonate layer on the cathode, transforming it into lithium fluoride (LiF). Electrochemical tests at high voltages confirmed the coating's effectiveness. The results demonstrated its stability, allowing operation at voltages up to 4.5 and even 4.8 volts while effectively protecting the cathode. 'This clearly indicates that our protective layer minimizes the rise in resistance caused by interfacial reactions that would otherwise occur,' stated Mario El Kazzi from PSI. The team also evaluated capacity retention, a vital metric reflecting the battery's ability to maintain its energy storage capacity throughout numerous charge-discharge cycles. The coated cathode significantly outperformed the uncoated one in terms of capacity retention.
Lithium-Ion Batteries Electric Vehicles Energy Density High-Voltage Battery Performance
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