Neurons in a dish learn to play Pong, challenging assumptions about intelligence
The nerve-cell array called DishBrain at work. The colours mark different types of nerve cells and their components.The work from Cortical Labs brings more-sophisticated technology and analytical tools to bear, says Potter. His original dishes had dozens of electrodes; each DishBrain has thousands. Potter’s group studied only rodent cells, but the DishBrain team also tested neurons derived from human cells.
The researchers used their system to teach the neurons to respond to an electrical signal that is a substitute for the ball in. In the game, a player slides a vertical paddle up and down the screen to intercept a bouncing ball. In the experiment, the neurons controlled the paddle. The authors represented the route of the ball by stimulating neurons along the ball’s path relative to the paddle. Responses from neurons in another region of the network were used to move the paddle up or down.
To teach the neurons to hit the ball, Kagan says he and his team harnessed the theory that neurons tend to repeat activity that yields a predictable environment. When the neurons responded in a way that corresponded with hitting the ball, they were stimulated in a location and at a frequency that was the same each time. If they missed the ball, the network was stimulated by the electrodes in random locations and at different frequencies.
Cortical Labs also aims to eventually use neurons to develop “biological processing units” for use in computing. And the techniques developed for DishBrain are quantitative enough that they could be used to compare variations in learning between different animals, or between cells from multiple regions of the brain, says Potter.was a masterstroke. “People interested in AI are very keen on anything that can playdoi: https://doi.org/10.
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