To uncover mechanisms by which we can protect these crucial cells, we look to nature.
Amazingly, many organisms have evolved to live through periods of harsh conditions such as low oxygen, dehydration and freezing temperatures: these conditions would be lethal to a human brain, and yet these animals show no damage to their own.Article contentGenerally, for animals to survive these periods of stress, they must induce a state of hypometabolism.
MicroRNAs are short, single-stranded RNA molecules that target and attach to messenger RNA to destroy them and prevent the protein from being made. This allows the protein to be switched off without actually changing the gene that codes for the protein to begin with. This allows microRNAs to change the expression of many different genes which could help brains survive.
Our research suggests that microRNAs could be involved in providing neuroprotection from ischemic brain injury. Additionally, we found that in naked mole rats, microRNAs play important roles in coordinating neuroprotective defences which contribute to the tolerance of hypoxia . Eighteen different microRNAs were found to have levels that differed significantly in brain tissues subjected to hypoxia, compared with brain tissues held at normal levels of oxygen.
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