In some glaucoma patients, vision loss mysteriously progresses despite treatment, and new research from China points to immune cells that migrate from the digestive tract to the eyes.
The first step was to test blood samples from 519 glaucoma patients and 189 healthy controls. A significantly higher percentage of β7-expressing CD4+ T cells was found in glaucoma patients compared to healthy controls, and glaucoma patients with more of these cells in their blood had more severe eye damage.
Using an EIOP-induced mouse model of glaucoma, researchers next showed that to gain access to the retina, β7+ CD4+ T cells in these early stage glaucoma mice must make a detour through the gut. The team found the β7+ CD4+ T cells of EIOP-induced mice were reprogrammed in the gut, so they could use integrin β7 as a kind of license, returning to the blood circulation functionally equipped to travel to the retina.
While normal T cells are unable to bind to MAdCAM-1 in the retina, the gut-licensed cells were able to do so, allowing them access to the eye tissue, which""The ability to induce MAdCAM-1 expression on retinal [vessels] might be one of the mechanisms whereby gut-licensed β7+ CD4+ T cells cross the blood-retina barrier and invade the retina," the teamA retina from a control mouse, compared to retinas from mice with glaucoma damage, stained green to measure the loss of retinal...
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