Researchers in Arizona have found that autistic children were missing hundreds of the bacterial species that colonise a 'neurotypical' person's intestines
has baffled psychiatrists and neurologists since the syndrome was first described, in the mid-20th century, by Hans Asperger and Leo Kanner. But the evidence is pointing towards the bacteria of the gut. That suggestion has been reinforced by two recently published studies—one on human beings and one on laboratory rodents.Scientific Reports
, which causes life-threatening diarrhoea. It involves transplanting carefully prepared doses of faecal bacteria from a healthy individual to a patient. The researchers gave the children, first, an oral antibiotic, a bowel cleanse and an oral antacid . They followed this up with either an oral or a rectal dose of gut bacteria, and then, for seven to eight weeks, a daily antacid-assisted oral dose.levels had multiplied 712-fold.
Dr Mazmanian’s study also dealt with the question of mechanism. One long-held suspicion is that a molecule called gamma-aminobutyric acid is involved.is a neurotransmitter, meaning that it carries signals between nerve cells. In particular, it counters the action of another neurotransmitter, glutamate, that excites nervous activity in the brain. Studies have shown that levels ofare lower than normal in the brains of autistic children .
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