Mexico just elected its first woman and first Jewish president: former Mexico City Governor Claudia Sheinbaum.
Thanks to three decades of political innovation in Mexico, Claudia Sheinbaum, Xóchitl Gálvez and hundreds of other women received the chance to run for and serve in office.
Sheinbaum carries the flag for Morena, the governing party. Founded by current president Andrés Manuel López Obrador , this populist left party holds the most seats in Congress and governs 21 of the country’s 32 states. Mexican presidents cannot stand for reelection, and Sheinbaum bested an otherwise all-male field in Morena’s presidential primary.
Gálvez arrived in Mexico City with a scholarship to study computer engineering. After graduation, she founded a tech company and became a well-known figure in Mexico’s start-up and business scene. She also entered politics in 2000, when former President Vicente Fox invited her to lead the National Institute of Indigenous Affairs. She was later elected head of Mexico City’s Manuel Hidalgo district and, in 2018, senator for the state of Mexico City.
In 2014, a constitutional reform mandated gender parity among candidates for the federal and state congresses. Gender quotas—and now gender parity—work in Mexico because their implementation is straightforward. Penalties are clear: If parties fail to nominate the required number of women, they cannot compete. Enforcement is also clear: A single executive agency, the National Electoral Institute, verifies parties’ candidate registries. When disputes arise, they are settled by separate, independent electoral courts, which are fewer, smaller, and more professionalized.
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