Science, Space and Technology News 2024
Researchers at TU Wien have innovated a cooling technique for quantum experiments by controlling fluctuations in a Bose-Einstein condensate, significantly improving quantum simulators for studying intricate quantum physics.
Quantum experiments, whether they focus on quantum computers, quantum teleportation, or novel quantum sensors, consistently face a common challenge: quantum effects are highly fragile and easily disrupted. They are extremely sensitive to external disturbances – for example, to fluctuations caused simply by the surrounding temperature. It is therefore important to be able to cool down quantum experiments as effectively as possible.
There are different ways to cool something down: For example, you can cool a gas by increasing its volume very slowly. With extremely cold Bose-Einstein condensates, other tricks are typically used: the most energetic atoms are quickly removed until only a collection of atoms remains, which have a fairly uniformly low energy and are therefore cooler.
“On average, exactly 50% of the particles are on the left and 50% on the right,” says Maximilian Prüfer. “But quantum physics says that there are always certain fluctuations. The fluctuations, i.e. the deviations from the expected value, are closely related to the temperature.”The research team at TU Wien was able to show: neither an extremely abrupt nor an extremely slow splitting of the Bose-Einstein condensate is optimal.
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