Genetically identical fruit flies raised together still have different learning styles, which suggests that brain development isn’t only down to nature or nurture – random factors play a role too
Aleksandar Kitanovic / Alamy
Despite having essentially the same genetic code and being raised in exactly the same experimental conditions, individual fruit flies learn to avoid negative experiences, such as electric shocks and bad tastes, at different rates.
“This sort of pushes against the idea of nature versus nurture, or genes and the environment [alone], as explanatory factors for variation,” he says.
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