The innovation comes from Korean scientists who used a composite material to address the energy density issues seen in supercapacitors today.
Consumer technology today relies primarily on batteries to fulfill energy needs.Conventional batteries use chemical reactions to store energy, offering high energy density, which is to say that they provide long run times for our devices.
However, they struggle with slow charging and degradation after just a few thousand use cycles.By contrast, supercapacitors use electrical charge separation to store energy. They can charge almost instantly and withstand more cycles without degradation. However, current technology has yet to resolve the issue of low energy density, meaning the energy stored is insufficient to power devices for extended periods.Scientists at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology have created a new supercapacitor that tackles these problems.This new supercapacitor could help overcome the energy density issues with supercapacitors that have hindered their widespread adoption in wearable devices and electric vehicles, among other applications. “This technology overcomes the shortcomings of supercapacitors by using single-walled carbon nanotubes and conductive polymers.”“We will continue to develop and industrialize ultra-high-performance carbon fibers based on carbon nanotubes ,” said co-author of the study, Dr. Bon-Cheol Ku from KIST, in a press release.Improving the frameworkSupercapacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by an electrolyte solution . When connected to a power source, the electrolyte’s ions separate, accumulating positive ions on one plate. In contrast, negative ions gather on the other.Energy is held in the form of an electric field established between the two plates. The ion separation happens almost instantaneously, which gives supercapacitors the ability to charge and discharge rapidly. Since there are no chemical reactions involved, supercapacitors are exceptionally durable. However, because the energy is stored via ions, they can’t hold as much total energy per unit volume or weight.The KIST researchers overcame this problem by creating a composite material combining single-walled CNTs with a conductive polymer, polyaniline .CNTs are highly conductive and provide a robust structural framework for the device. The PANI molecules act as tiny energy cells chemically bonded to the CNTs throughout the supercapacitor structure.This setup enhances not only the supercapacitor’s energy storage capacity but also its power delivery.Supercapacitor applicationsThe researchers found that their supercapacitor maintained stability in performance after over 100,000 charging-discharging cycles. Further, the supercapacitor demonstrated high durability in high-voltage environments.The composite fiber also showed high mechanical flexibility, meaning its shape can be manipulated by rolling and folding. These characteristics mean that the supercapacitor can be used in place of existing battery systems.The researchers have shown that it is commercially viable by developing film-like structures based on this technology, reducing production costs, and streamlining the production process.This could enable fast-charging devices, which have longer lifespans than what present battery technology permits.The study findings are published in the journal Composites.
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