A century after archaeologist Howard Carter’s momentous discovery of Tutankhamun’s tomb, questions and controversy still swirl around Egypt’s most famous king
It is one of the most iconic discoveries in all of archaeology—the treasure-filled tomb of the young Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun, better known as King Tut. One hundred years ago today British archaeologist Howard Carter and an Egyptian excavation team found the boy king’s final resting place. Scholars have been studying the royal tomb and its owner ever since. From this work the broad outlines of the life and times of Tut have emerged.
Carter went on to carry out a meticulous, decade-long study of the four chambers that make up the tomb and more than 5,000 artifacts within them. “I'm grateful that it was he who found that tomb,” says Egyptologist Salima Ikram of the American University in Cairo. “Had it been any number of other individuals, we would have had much less left to us.
Tutankhamun’s story is intertwined with that of Akhenaten’s principal wife Nefertiti, who was often depicted as equal in power to her husband. Her role as co-ruler of Egypt has made her a subject of fascination for scholars. How her time as a ruler ended and the transition to Tutankhamun’s reign occurred are both part of the story of how Egypt was changing as the cult of Aten ended.
The idea that Smenkhkara was Nefertiti using a different name has its skeptics, however. Joyce Tyldesley, a professor of Egyptology at the University of Manchester in England believes that Smenkhkara was a brother or half-brother of Tutankhamun. Barry Kemp, a professor emeritus of Egyptology at the University of Cambridge and director of excavations at Amarna, notes that a drawing in the tomb of Meryra II, a senior scribe and administrator, depicts the royal line of succession.
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