An international team of researchers from the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter (MPSD) in Hamburg and ETH Zurich has now demonstrated that it is possible to probe electron dynamics in liquids using intense laser fields and to retrieve the electron mean free path—the average distance an electron can travel before colliding with another particle.
They found that the mechanism by which liquids emit a particular light spectrum known as the high-harmonic spectrum is markedly different from the one in other phases of matter like gases and solids. The team's findings open the door to a deeper understanding of ultrafast dynamics in liquids.
Hence the experimental team at ETH Zurich developed a unique apparatus to specifically study the interaction of liquids with intense lasers. The researchers discovered a distinctive behavior where the maximum photon energy obtained through HHG in liquids is independent of the laser's wavelength. So which factor is responsible for this upper limit instead?
"The distance an electron can travel in the liquid before colliding with another particle is the crucial factor which imposes a ceiling on the," said MPSD researcher Nicolas Tancogne-Dejean, a co-author of the study."We were able to retrieve this quantity—known as the effective electron mean free path—from the experimental data thanks to a specifically developed analytical model which accounts for the scattering of the electrons.
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