How many tribes were forced to move might surprise you.
Most Native American tribes rejected the idea of removal during the U.S. expansion westward, and they tried every strategy they could to avoid it. Some nations refused to leave, and some fought to keep their lands.The expansion of the U.S. settlement from the eastern Appalachian range to the west led to the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830. It forced all eastern tribal nations to move to new homelands west of the Mississippi River.
Legendary frontiersman and Tennessee Congressman Davy Crockett opposed the Indian Removal Act, declaring that his decision would “not make me ashamed in the Day of Judgment.” The Five Tribes purchased new lands in present-day Oklahoma, but some relocated farther north. The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 led to renewed White settlement in these territories, and the immigrant nations located there were soon under pressure to move on. Texas forced out all remaining tribal nations in 1859. The Civil War ended the removals temporarily.
“The tragedy and darkness of American Indian removal should not hide the remarkable story that followed. After resettling in Indian Territory, Native peoples rebuilt their lives and cultures and continued their struggle for self-government under their own laws on their new lands in the West … Their thoughts and actions reveal much about human strength in the face of adversity — a universal issue that is as relevant today as it was in the 1800s.
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