India will overtake China as the most populous nation in 2023, but women there are having fewer children, in part due to the “magic contraceptive” of education.
Upma Saxena grew up in a traditional household. Her parents arranged for her to be married when she was 17 and soon after she gave birth to two daughters.
China’s population has dipped below India’s largely due to Beijing’s inability to reverse the impacts of its one-child policy. Through a local NGO that upskills women for the workforce, Upma completed training in industrial sewing and now runs her own business providing contracting services to clothing exporters. She earns her own money and is saving for her daughters’ futures.
India has had its own experiments with coercive population control, most notably a mass compulsory sterilisation program during the 1970s. Even today, female sterilisation - which involves surgery - remains the most popular method of contraception in India despite the associated health risks according to its 2019-2021 National Family Health Survey.
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