Incidence rates and characteristics associated with medically attended COVID-19 episodes among infants younger than 6 months PIDJournal bcmhouston aboutKP COVID19 coornavirus covid infants
By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Jan 9 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, caused by the highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus, has affected millions worldwide. As per the surveillance reports of the earlier phase of the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 predominantly infects adults. It has been observed that children are infrequently or mildly infected with COVID-19.
About the study The epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnancy and Infancy Network was developed, which provided electronic medical data for a retrospective cohort of pregnant women and their infants born during the pandemic. The eESPI study was conducted at three healthcare facilities in the United States.
Study findings This US-based study cohort included over 18,000 infants born during the pandemic's first year, with a six-month follow-up. In the first year of the pandemic, the risk of medically attended COVID-19 episodes among infants in the US was found to be low. A higher incidence rate of medically attended COVID-19 episodes was observed in infants born to women infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the 6-month postpartum period. However, this observation was not true for infants born to mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 at other times or those who never contracted the infection. This finding pointed out the potential horizontal transmission between mother and infant.
In most cases, infants with underlying medical conditions, i.e., those diagnosed with a medical condition during the first six months of life, were included to develop COVID-19 episodes that required medical attention. This finding is consistent with previous reports that revealed that younger children with pre-existing medical conditions were susceptible to severe infection.
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