Inappropriate antibiotic use in low and middle-income countries disrupts infant gut health, fuels antimicrobial resistance AntibioticResistance AMR Gut Microbiome ChildrensHealth DrugResistance AntibioticOveruse PLOSMedicine
By Neha MathurJul 2 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. Children in low- and middle-income countries often receive inappropriate antibiotics, a key driver of antimicrobial resistance .
Study: Impact of antibiotics on gut microbiome composition and resistome in the first years of life in low- to middle-income countries: A systematic review. Image Credit: Lifebrary / Shutterstock.com The studies primarily used ribosomal ribonucleic acid or metagenomics to assess differences in median microbiome composition and diversity after antibiotic use in the study test groups as compared tthe o control. Data on alpha and beta diversity, resistome composition, and relative abundance of antibiotic-specific genes from the studies were also reviewed.
Antibiotic use in infants alters microbiome diversity and resistant gene expression A total of 4,369 articles were extracted from the databases. After removing duplicates, 2,748 unique articles met the screening criteria. Both antibiotic class and their duration of administration impacted microbiome diversity and composition, as well as AMR-resistant genes, in infants. Short courses of AZI immediately reduced microbiota diversity, with persistent reductions in microbiota richness for up to six months after antibiotic use.
Conclusions The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in various aspects of health, including immune system maturation, regulation, and metabolism of the host, particularly during infancy. All studies included in the current analysis found that antibiotic use significantly contributed to antibiotic class-specific increases in AMR gene determinants.
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