Octopuses caught on video throwing silt and shells around themselves and at each other plos PLOSONE
The material thrown hit another octopus in 17 cases. These were 33% of the throws in interactive and mixed-interactive contexts. In two other cases, a throw hit a fish. Throws that hit another octopus tended to differ in several ways from throws that did not. These differences collectively suggest a degree of targeting. First, in a majority of all throws, the material was emitted from between the most frontal arms: L1 and R1.
Third, we noted above a significant tendency for throwers in interactive contexts to throw silt rather than other materials. A similar difference occurred among throws that hit another octopus. Throws solely or primarily of silt, within interactive or mixed-interactive contexts, hit another octopus 8 out of 19 times . In contrast, throws solely or primarily of shells in these contexts hit another octopus 4 out of 16 times . This difference was not statistically significant.
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