In a First, Scientists Grow Human Kidneys Inside Pigs

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In a First, Scientists Grow Human Kidneys Inside Pigs
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For the first time ever, a solid humanized organ has been grown from scratch in an animal — a first step in a process that could potentially solve organ shortages and save countless lives.

Chinese researchers grew partially human early-stage kidneys inside embryonic pigs, using a variety of genetic engineering techniques, a new report reveals.

Massimo Mangiola, director of the Immunogenetics Laboratory for the NYU Langone Transplant Institute in New York City, referred to these as “primordial organs.” The researchers focused on kidneys because they are one of the first organs to develop, and they're also the most commonly transplanted organ in humans, according to background notes.

Next, the researchers engineered human stem cells to make them more likely to integrate into the pig embryos and less likely to self-destruct. These cells were then cultured into “naïve” cells that resemble early human embryonic cells. The investigators found that the genetic engineering had succeeded in localizing the human cell development mainly to the kidneys, with the remainder of the embryo composed of pig cells.“We found that if you create a niche in the pig embryo, then the human cells naturally go into these spaces,” senior author Zhen Dai, of the Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, said in a journal news release.

“Because organs are not composed of just one cell lineage, in order to have an organ where everything comes from the human, we would probably need to engineer the pigs in a much more complex way and that also brings some additional challenges,” senior author Miguel Esteban, of the Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, said in the news release.

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