'All robotic exploration is really a human-robotic partnership. How do we amplify the science in this human-robotic partnership?'
, Solar System Worlds and Processes, and Life and Habitability. The document is also nearly 800 pages long.
The Hubble Space Telescope, which Grunsfeld flew to space three times to service, stood as the former astronauts primary example for a science-enabled mission approach. The telescope's entire mission is scientific research, and Grunsfeld points out Hubble's intentional design to enable the space shuttle to perform the types of maintenance missions he flew, continuing the human-robotic partnership of discovery.
Grunsfeld used this point to pivot his talk to focus on the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey and the report's findings as they relate to NASA SMD's inability to guide foundational mission design for scientific objectives. "[The Planetary Science Division ] should execute a strategic program to accomplish planetary science objectives for the moon, with an organizational structure that aligns responsibility, authority and accountability."
"We have a big divide at NASA," Grunsfeld explained."If you want to build a radio telescope in a crater or out in the planes on the far side [of the moon] … or whatever the mission, it would be funded through SMD. But if you want people to have the tools and capabilities to deploy those [experiments], that would be in human spaceflight. And SMD has no authority to direct those activities," he said.
HEOMD was divided into two separate entities in September 2021 — the Space Operations Mission Directorate and the Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate . SpaceOps became responsible for launch and space operations, and ESDMD became steward to Artemis's overarching mission to explore the moon and Mars.
His presentation included additional excerpts from the decadal survey, and its findings relevant to the Artemis program: "Absent an integrated, coherent strategy, it is unlikely decadal-level planetary science will be accomplished at the moon through Artemis. Human exploration can be used to achieve lower-level science goals until Artemis incorporates top-level requirements capable of achieving decadal science priorities."
A priority mission listed within the decadal survey includes Endurance-A, a lunar rover planned for the. Artemis landing-plans to return the next humans to the moon have long been focused on the moon's southernmost geological region because of its high potential for water ice, which can be mined and utilized to create, well, water … as well as a myriad of other resources useful in space exploration.
Grunsfeld shared video of one of his Hubble service EVAs, where he demonstrates the intricate repairs he had to perform deep inside the telescope with a specially-made tool for use with EVA gloves. Without the repairs, Hubble would have been rendered inoperable. Instead, Hubble's mission was extended over three decades and is still operational today. The telescope's initial life expectancy was only ten years.
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