A study published in Scientific Reports investigates the differences in oral microbiome diversity among cigarette smokers, smokeless tobacco users, and non-tobacco users, revealing significant changes due to tobacco use.
By Dr. Sanchari Sinha Dutta, Ph.D.May 8 2024Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. A recent study published in Scientific Reports compares differences between the composition and diversity of the oral microbiome in cigarette users, smokeless tobacco users, and non-users.
Depending on different surface adhesins and oral receptors, specific bacteria preferentially colonize different oral surfaces. Hard oral surfaces can include the teeth, palates, and gingival sulcus, whereas soft tissues include the tongue and cheeks. Important observations No significant temporal differences in alpha and beta bacterial diversity were observed between the study groups at any time point. Similarly, no significant differences in the dominant six bacterial species were observed between the study groups throughout the four-month study period.
Among the most abundant bacterial genera identified in buccal swabs, a higher abundance of Actinomyces, Granulicatella, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Oribacterium, Prevotella, Pseudomonas, Rothia, and Veillonella was observed in non-users as compared to tobacco users. Among tobacco users, a significantly lower abundance of Leptotrichia and a higher abundance of Pseudomonas was observed in smokeless tobacco users as compared to cigarette smokers.
In saliva samples, 18 Gram-negative and 26 Gram-positive bacteria were significantly more abundant in cigarette smokers than in non-users. In contrast, 31 Gram-negative and 19 Gram-positive bacteria exhibited higher abundance in non-users than in cigarette smokers.
Dysbiosis Microbiome Tobacco Adhesins Bacteria Nutrition Teeth Tongue
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