How medicine discriminates against non-white people and women

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How medicine discriminates against non-white people and women
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As artificial intelligence and other data-driven innovations race further ahead, the automation of racial bias is causing growing concern. Can AI overcome human bias—or does it simply compound it? Read more:

Save time by listening to our audio articles as you multitask, which looked at more than 10,000 patients throughout America, suggested the pulse oximeters used overestimated blood-oxygen saturation more frequently in black people than white. A healthy human being has an oxygen saturation of 92-96%. In this work some patients who registered that level according to pulse oximetry had a true saturation of less than 88%.

This process must, however, be calibrated—for other tissues, skin included, also absorb some of the beams. Dark skin will clearly absorb more of the incident light than white skin, thus weakening the signal, and may well absorb one beam more than the other. So unless this calibration is done on both, which is not always the case, the result may be biased.Despite its error-prone history, pulse oximetry is a mainstay in hospitals.

In this case, the firm that created the algorithm quickly took the point. It has collaborated with the researchers involved to change its operation. That has resulted in a huge reduction in bias, though it may not have eliminated it completely. Algorithmic errors can be tricky to eradicate. Rooting out bias requires extreme attention to detail at every stage of development.

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