The process of making these maps was slow, arduous and physical. The early surveyors marched through remote countryside, weighed down with heavy instruments
, striding up hills and down dales, swear by the orange Explorer maps produced by the Ordnance Survey . The national mapping agency is also important for managing land use and infrastructure. For centuries, though, no one had set out to systematically and accurately map the British isles in their entirety. It was not until the 19th century that themaps fit together in a jigsaw that stretches over the country, when thebegan its cartographic project around 1800 it progressed sheet by sheet.
As they worked through Wales, the English-speaking surveyors struggled with Welsh place names, mangling many. Croeswdig was mapped as “Crosswoodig”, Rhos-y-cribed as “Rosey cribelt”.developed a system for determining how place names should be spelled. This included checking with reputable members of the community. Landowners and the clergy were considered reliable. Small farmers and crofters were not, even if they had deep roots in an area.
The pace of the Industrial Revolution—with new railway lines, growing urban centres and sites of industry—made maps out of date even before they had been engraved onto copper plates for printing. Survey progress slowed as theWest of London, for example, we can compare two versions of the same map. To keep up with the railways, mapmakers sometimes engraved new railway lines straight over the top of existing designs. Moving elements engraved on a metal plate is hard.
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