Science, Space and Technology News 2024
Negev petroglyphs showing abstract forms. Credit: Laura Rabbachin, INTK, Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna
Southern Israel’s Negev desert is famous for its ancient rock art. Since at least the third millennium BCE, the hunters, shepherds, and merchants who roamed the Negev have left thousands of carvings, known as ‘petroglyphs’, on the rocks. Many represent animals such as ibexes, goats, horses, donkeys, and domestic camels, although some also feature abstract forms. These petroglyphs are typically cut into ‘desert varnish’, a natural thin black coating that forms on limestone rock.
The authors identified collected fungi and lichens with two complementary methods. First, they repeatedly cultured fungal material or spores from rocks or soil on plates with one of two different growth media, until they obtained pure isolates forbarcoding. Second, they directly performed DNA sequencing of fungal material present in rock or soil samples, without culturing them first. The latter method can detect strains that don’t grow in culture.
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