Global groundwater depletion is accelerating, but is not inevitable

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Global groundwater depletion is accelerating, but is not inevitable
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Groundwater is rapidly declining across the globe, often at accelerating rates. Researchers now present the largest assessment of groundwater levels around the world, spanning nearly 1,700 aquifers.

In addition to raising the alarm over declining water resources, the work offers instructive examples of where things are going well, and how groundwater depletion can be solved. The study is a boon for scientists, policy makers and resource managers working to understand global groundwater dynamics.UC Santa Barbara researchers present the largest assessment of groundwater levels around the world, spanning nearly 1,700 aquifers.

Their findings provide the most comprehensive analysis of global groundwater levels to date, and demonstrate the prevalence of groundwater depletion. The work revealed that groundwater is dropping in 71% of the aquifers. And this depletion is accelerating in many places: the rates of groundwater decline in the 1980s and '90s sped up from 2000 to the present, highlighting how a bad problem became even worse.

Take Tucson, Arizona for instance. Water allotted from the Colorado River is used to replenish the aquifer in the nearby Avra Valley. The project stores water for future use."Groundwater is often viewed as a bank account for water," Jasechko explained."Intentionally refilling aquifers allows us to store that water until a time of need."

The authors complemented measurements from monitoring wells with data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment . The GRACE mission consists of twin satellites that precisely measure the distance between them as they orbit the Earth. In this way, the crafts detect small fluctuations in the planet's gravity, which can reveal the dynamics of aquifers at large scales.

This study of monitoring wells complements a paper Perrone and Jasechko released in 2021. That study represented the largest assessment of global groundwater wells, and made the cover of the journal Science."The monitoring wells are telling us information about supply. And the groundwater wells are telling us information about demand," Perrone said.

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