Frontier, a supercomputer at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, has simulated the universe at a scale never before achieved. This breakthrough was made possible by the Hardware/Hybrid Accelerated Cosmology Code (HACC) software and used 9,000 computing nodes. The simulation incorporated complex principles like the expansion of the universe and dark matter, surpassing previous models. Frontier's computational power also allows for advancements in climate modeling, materials science, and artificial intelligence, pushing the boundaries of scientific discovery.
Frontier, a supercomputer residing at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), has achieved a groundbreaking feat by simulating the universe at a scale unprecedented in history. This remarkable accomplishment was made possible through the utilization of the Hardware/Hybrid Accelerated Cosmology Code (HACC) software platform as part of the ExaSky project, a component of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) $1.8 billion investment in scientific applications.
The DOE/HACC team had dedicated seven years to enhancing the capabilities of exascale supercomputers like Frontier, culminating in the development of hydrodynamic cosmology simulations. These simulations incorporate complex principles such as the expansion of the universe and the influence of dark matter, surpassing previous models that solely focused on gravity, gas, or plasma.The simulation, conducted in November 2024, employed approximately 9,000 of Frontier's computing nodes, each equipped with AMD Instinct MI250X graphics cards. Frontier's processing power, reaching 1.4 exaFLOPS, allows it to perform calculations at an astonishing rate. This immense computational capacity, measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS), enables Frontier to surpass even the most demanding scientific challenges. To illustrate its prowess, Frontier's performance in running HACC simulations exceeded expectations by nearly 300 times, outperforming similar simulations of Saturn's moon Titan.Frontier's capabilities extend far beyond simulating the cosmos. In April 2023, scientists utilized Frontier to create the Simple Cloud-Resolving E3SM Atmosphere Model (SCREAM), a sophisticated climate model that simulated an entire year of global climate data with a resolution of just over 3 kilometers. This groundbreaking model serves as a cornerstone in analyzing the intricate interactions between the atmosphere, oceans, and land, ultimately leading to improved weather predictions and a deeper understanding of climate change. Frontier has also proven invaluable in materials science, enabling designers to develop novel substrates and geometries for advanced materials. These materials exhibit enhanced properties, becoming stronger, lighter, and corrosion-resistant. Its exascale computing capabilities allow researchers to model chemical interactions at the molecular level, predicting material behavior with unprecedented accuracy. Furthermore, Frontier's processing power is driving advancements in artificial intelligence (AI). The speed of these machines enables programmers to rapidly iterate algorithms and analyze vast datasets, particularly in tasks such as developing more efficient large language models
SUPERCOMPUTERS COSMOLOGY CLIMATE MODELING MATERIALS SCIENCE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
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