Neither of which are ideal.
Lower coffee output in Indonesia, which mainly produces robusta beans - having a bolder and more bitter flavour than the arabica variety - could trigger more gains in prices which have climbed more than 40% in 2023 and hit a record high in June.
The dry conditions contrast with high rainfall in the Southeast Asian nation between 2020 and 2022 due to La Nina, while heavy rains have also been experienced during the first five months of this year. "This year my harvest is only 30% compared to last year due to too much rain, causing coffee flowers to drop off early," said Peratin Buchori, a 55-year-old farmer in Lampung, on the southern tip of Sumatra island, known for its robusta beans.
Almost all of Indonesia's roughly 1.25 million hectares of coffee plantations are tended by smallholder farmers, who use traditional planting methods and limited fertiliser. Many coffee trees are old, with some planted more than two decades ago.
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