President Emmanuel Macron is set to explain how France’s nuclear deterrent protects France and, in his view, helps protect Europe. On Monday, he gives a keynote speech as worries grow about U.S. disengagement and Russian threats. France is the only EU country with nuclear weapons. Macron says France’s “vital interests” have a European dimension.
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An unexpected birth now brings hopeSome people tape their mouths shut at night. Doctors wish they wouldn'tFDA to offer bonus payments to staffers who complete speedy drug reviewsYoung woman says she was on social media 'all day long' as a child in landmark addiction trialIf you're struggling to lose weight, could chilling your carbs help?Muere líder supremo de Irán en intenso ataque de EEUU e IsraelLIVE An unexpected birth now brings hopeSome people tape their mouths shut at night. Doctors wish they wouldn'tFDA to offer bonus payments to staffers who complete speedy drug reviewsYoung woman says she was on social media 'all day long' as a child in landmark addiction trialIf you're struggling to lose weight, could chilling your carbs help?Muere líder supremo de Irán en intenso ataque de EEUU e IsraelWorld NewsFrance’s Rafale B twin-seat multirole fighter performs during the Pegase 2024 mission at Halim Perdanakusuma airport in Jakarta, Indonesia, Wednesday, July 24, 2024. French Marine officers wait atop “Le Vigilant” nuclear submarine at L’Ile Longue military base, near Brest, Brittany, July 13, 2007. A Rafale M single seater fighter jet is catapulted on France’s flagship Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier in the Persian Gulf, Jan. 12, 2016. France’s Rafale B twin-seat multirole fighter performs during the Pegase 2024 mission at Halim Perdanakusuma airport in Jakarta, Indonesia, Wednesday, July 24, 2024. France’s Rafale B twin-seat multirole fighter performs during the Pegase 2024 mission at Halim Perdanakusuma airport in Jakarta, Indonesia, Wednesday, July 24, 2024. French Marine officers wait atop “Le Vigilant” nuclear submarine at L’Ile Longue military base, near Brest, Brittany, July 13, 2007. French Marine officers wait atop “Le Vigilant” nuclear submarine at L’Ile Longue military base, near Brest, Brittany, July 13, 2007. A Rafale M single seater fighter jet is catapulted on France’s flagship Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier in the Persian Gulf, Jan. 12, 2016. A Rafale M single seater fighter jet is catapulted on France’s flagship Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier in the Persian Gulf, Jan. 12, 2016. and its deterrence doctrine relies on a strictly defensive strategy intended to safeguard the country’s “vital interests.” Macron has long maintained that those “vital interests” haveWhile France is a member of NATO, it maintains full independence over its nuclear forces while contributing to the alliance’s broader deterrence posture. Under the French Constitution, the president is commander-in-chief of the armed forces and the sole to decide on the potential use of nuclear weapons.is the only surface warship in Europe capable of carrying nuclear weapons deployed by Rafale fighter jets using catapult-assisted takeoffs. The navy’s flagship has in recent weeks operated in the North Atlantic and the Baltic Sea, making a stop in recent days Because the carrier undergoes lengthy periodic overhauls, France does not have a permanent sea-based air nuclear capability.They are based in Ile Longue on the Atlantic coast, one of the nation’s most secretive military sites. Each 138-meter submarine is operated by a crew of about 110 and can carry 16 M51 intercontinental ballistic missiles armed with multiple warheads. Since 1972, at least one nuclear-armed submarine has been on patrol at all times, ensuring France’s permanent capacity to carry out a strike.The ASMPA air-launched cruise missile — short for enhanced medium-range air-to-surface missile — has an estimated range of about 500 kilometers . Launched by Rafale fighter jets, it is designed to serve as a final warning before any potential escalation to large-scale nuclear conflict. The missiles are operated by the Strategic Air Forces, which was created in 1964 and is based at three sites across France. They can also be launched by jets operating from the Charles de Gaulle.The M51 submarine-launched ballistic missile has an estimated range of 8,000 to 10,000 kilometers . The exact range has not been made public. The upgraded M51 entered operational service in October and features improved accuracy and enhanced ability to penetrate missile defenses, according to the French Defense Ministry. Each missile carries multiple independently targetable nuclear warheads.released by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute and the Federation of American Scientists . Over 80% of France’s warheads are submarine-launched, according to the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists., the United States and China . The United Kingdom — no longer an EU member but a NATO ally — is estimated to have about 225 warheads, according to SIPRI and FAS.India, Pakistan and North Korea have acknowledged possessing nuclear weapons. Israel is widely believed to have them but has never publicly confirmed it.Iran long has insisted its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes only. But it has in recent years been enriching uranium to up to 60% purity — near weapons-grade levels of 90%.Corbet is an Associated Press reporter based in Paris. She covers French politics, diplomacy and defense as well as gender issues and breaking news.
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