The oldest written records of eclipses are in cuneiform texts from around 2000 BC, but examination of oral traditions reveal First Nations astronomers were predicting eclipses by word of mouth
In 331 BC, the Macedonian warlord Alexander the Great marched his army into the territory of the Achaemenid Empire and its king Darius III. Alexander went into the battle highly confident, partly because he believed there had been a good omen: a. The Battle of Gaugamela, in what is now Iraqi Kurdistan, ended in a decisive victory for Alexander. Darius fled for his life, and Alexander soon took over the entire Achaemenid Empire. That’s one powerful lunar eclipse.
Secondly, eclipses are never visible from the whole of Earth’s surface. The eclipse that comes 18 years after the last one might only be visible from the other side of Earth. Confined to one corner of the planet, the Mesopotamians only knew about the eclipses that were seen from their area – giving them an incomplete picture.
Nevertheless, there were limits. “The Dresden predictions are only accurate to the day, and they only indicate that the Maya calculated that somewhere on Earth there would be an eclipse on that date,” says Milbrath. Like the Mesopotamians, the Maya were unable to predict where on Earth eclipses would be visible.On 8 April a total solar eclipse will pass over Mexico, the US and Canada.
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