Fibrin—a proinflammatory fibrous protein—can activate neutrophils in the mucus membrane lining the inside of the mouth and promote a severe form of inflammation, according to a new Science study. Learn more ⬇ SciencePerspective:
Plasmin is an abundant plasma protease that cleaves and deactivates the clot-associated protein fibrin. Human deficiencies in plasmin and its inactive proenzyme form, plasminogen , cause severe inflammation in mucosal tissues such as the mouth and eyes. Silva. report that, like humans, mice lacking plasminogen accumulate extravascular fibrin and develop an oral pathology that phenocopies human ligneous periodontitis .
Notably, oral immunopathology was significantly reduced in plasminogen-deficient germ-free mice compared with specific pathogen–free mice. This suggests that commensal microbial communities represent a trigger for oral mucosal fibrin deposition and associated immunopathology. Oral lesions in plasminogen-deficient mice were sites of neutrophil accumulation proximal to fibrin deposits. Notably, plasminogen-deficient mice expressing a mutant fibrin lacking the binding site for the myeloid integrin αdid not develop periodontal disease, despite featuring unabated gingival fibrin deposition and neutrophil accumulation.
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