A new review of 73 studies involving 5,000 people reveals exercise as a highly effective tool for improving mood and alleviating depression symptoms, potentially working in similar ways to antidepressants by boosting neurotransmitter function and neuroplasticity. Despite its benefits and safety, exercise remains underutilized in treating depression.
If you feel a lift after exercise, you're in good company. Movement can boost mood, and according to the results of a new study, it can also help relieve symptoms of depression.by the Cochrane collaboration — an independent network of researchers — scientists evaluated 73 randomized controlled trials that included about 5,000 people with depression, many of whom also tried antidepressant medication.
, medical director of psychiatry at Inspira Health."This new Cochrane review reinforces the evidence that exercise is one of the most evidence-based tools for improving mood," says Mateka. He explains how it mirrors some of the effects of medication."Exercise can help improve neurotransmitter function, like serotonin as well as dopamine and endorphins. So there is certainly overlap between exercise and how antidepressants offer relief," Mateka says.of the University of Ottawa. He says depression can decrease neuroplasticity, making it harder for the brain to adapt and change. "The brain in depression is thought to be less plastic. So there's less what we call neurotrophic factors, or BDNF," Fabiano explains. He calls it the Miracle-Gro for the brain."And we know that exercise can also boost it. So I think exercise is a fundamental pillar we really need to counsel patients on," he says.in guidelines for depression globally with good acceptability and safety," he writes. Yet he says it remains underappreciated and underutilized. "It's much easier for a primary care physician to prescribe medication to a patient. You just write it on a pad," Fabiano says. It's harder to prescribe exercise, which takes time and effort and can be difficult to start for people who are depressed. Fabiano says exercise can work best as part of a combination of treatments."We can start someone on an antidepressant — maybe that improves their mood, and they're able to engage in therapy. And from there, maybe now they're more interested in starting some of these lifestyle habits like exercise," Fabiano says.The evidence shows light to moderate exercise — where you get your heart rate up enough to feel slightly winded — can be as beneficial as vigorous or intense exercise, at least early on. And Fabiano says it's OK to start with a"low dose." "Ultimately you want to work your way up. But going from completely sedentary to even just going for a walk every day, that's where you start seeing those exponential gains," he says, stressing the importance of getting started with modest amounts. The study found that a combination of aerobic exercise and resistance training appears to be more effective than aerobic alone. The meta-analysis found between 13 and 36 workouts led to improvements in depressive symptoms, though long-term follow-up was rare. Researchers say there's more to learn about how regular exercise may help stave off depression. Mateka says there are lots of options."When it comes to exercise, it's about just finding the exercise that works for you, such as something like yoga or tai chi versus something like walking and jogging," he says. For some, group activity can add to the psychosocial benefits."Exercise is something that is extremely low cost. It's very accessible. It has very minimal side effects. And it has the opportunity to impact you positively, mentally, emotionally, socially and physically," Mateka says.Allison Aubrey is a Washington-based correspondent for NPR News, where her stories can be heard on Morning Edition and All Things Considered. She has reported extensively on the coronavirus pandemic since it began, providing near-daily coverage of new developments and effects. She's also a contributor to the PBS NewsHour and is one of the hosts of NPR's Life Kit.Nationwide anti-ICE protests call for accountability after Renee Good's death KPBS keeps you informed with local stories you need to know about — with no paywall. Our news is free for everyone because people like you help fund it.
Exercise Depression Mental Health Antidepressants Neuroplasticity
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